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Overview

Stalemate in Copenhagen

Global attempts to craft a pivotal new climate treaty in Copenhagen this December are being stymied by a far-reaching, multinational backlash led by fossil fuel industries and other heavy carbon emitters, according to an eight-country report by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. Read More

Stephen Rountree
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International

A Global Lack of Transparency

Determining the influence of industry on legislation in the United States is tough. But tracking influence on an international scale can be a nightmare, as ICIJ journalists found while reporting our Global Climate Change Lobby series. The main problem: a simple lack of credible data on lobbying activities. Read More

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Japan

Industry Targets Tokyo’s New Climate Goals

The bold emissions cuts proposed by the recently elected Democratic Party of Japan are facing growing resistance by the country’s powerful business associations, which warn the measures will wreck the economy. Despite the criticism, Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama so far is sticking to his pledge. Read More

World Economic Forum
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European Union

European Ambitions Hit a Wall of Carbon

The European Union has the world’s most ambitious emissions-control plan, which has been applauded around the world. But the EU’s plan turns out to be full of loopholes — the result of countries yielding to the pressure of manufacturing, power, transport, and other influential industries. Read More

European Parliament
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Canada

Canada’s About-Face on Climate

Since Prime Minister Stephen Harper came to power in 2006, his message has been that climate change policy cannot stand in the way of Canada’s economic growth –a major shift for this oil-rich country that had been at the forefront of international negotiations on global warming. Read More

London Summit
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India

India Struggles To Confront Climate Change

As the world grapples with how to address climate change, India says it wants to do its part to curb emissions. But the country’s rapid economic growth and plans for infrastructure expansion clash with those intentions. Transportation is a particular hot spot for India’s carbon emissions growth. Read More

Aman Paliwal, Indo-Asian News Service
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Brazil

Competing Interests in Brazil

Pressure is on Brazil, the world’s tenth largest economy, to act boldly on global warming. President Lula da Silva’s administration has proposed targets to reduce deforestation, but the government’s ambitious infrastructure program and recently discovered oil reserves will increase the country’s demand for energy and its carbon emissions. Read More

Ricardo Stuckert/PR
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China

A Climate Dilemma for China

Fast-growing China is key to a global climate pact, but its leaders have made no firm commitments on emissions controls. Despite setting ambitious goals for renewables, the government is under pressure by forces that favor continued heavy reliance on abundant, carbon-intensive coal. Read More

andi808
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International

BINGOs and the Global Lobbyist

Industries that once fought against a global agreement to curb emissions have shifted strategies. Today, they admit that controls are needed, while wooing U.N. delegates — at coffee and hotel bars — to use language that would slow and likely weaken the resulting accord. Read More

UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
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The United States

A Case of Lowered Expectations

President Obama promised a new chapter of U.S. leadership on climate change, but his administration has worked to lower expectations for the emissions cuts the world will see. The problem: vested interests and intensive lobbying in a nation that relies on coal to generate half of its electricity. Read More

Wigwam Jones
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Australia

“Brown Down” in Australia

The sky over Sydney Harbor Bridge reddened this fall due to dust swept in from Australia’s drought-stricken interior. Australia may be especially vulnerable to climate change, but it also relies so heavily on cheap coal that global warming policy has been a battle. Read More

Quentin Jones, Courtesy of Fairfax Media

Copenhagen

The Climate Lobby at Copenhagen

Copenhagen — ICIJ reporting team Kate Willson and Andrew Green will be in Copenhagen as part of our continuing investigation into the influences behind the UN climate talks. We’ll talk to industry representatives about what they want, how they interact with policy makers, and what kind of impact they are having.

Key Facts
  • Largest historical carbon emitter
  • Climate lobbyists soared 400 percent in six years
  • Eyeing return to near 1990 levels by 2020

United StatesUnited States

A Case of Lowered Expectations

Washington — Other nations complain that the United States, despite President Obama’s pledge of leadership, has not made the commitment to address climate change that is needed from the country that over time has contributed the most to the greenhouse gas burden now in the atmosphere. His international negotiators have worked to lower expectations for what the world can expect from a nation where coal-fired, energy-gobbling industries dominate the political scene and there are five climate lobbyists for every member of Congress.

  • The Climate Lobby from Soup to Nuts

    Washington — President Obama said at Copenhagen that the United States is committed to action on global warming, but the domestic politics are only growing "curiouser and curiouser," as Alice might say from Wonderland. A close look at the 140 interests that jumped into the debate for the first time in the third quarter shows a marked trend: Companies and organizations which feel they've been overlooked are fighting for a place at the table. Among them: soup makers and venture capitalists.

Key Facts
  • Leads the developed world in energy efficiency
  • World's sixth largest greenhouse gas emitter
  • Aims to reduce emissions 25 percent from 1990 levels by 2020

JapanJapan

Industry Targets Tokyo’s Ambitious New Climate Goals

Tokyo — For almost five decades, Japan’s Nippon Keidanren and other powerful business associations have lavished funds on the long-ruling Liberal Democratic Party, and had plenty of say in how environmental policies were set. But times have changed, and industry is now struggling to be heard by the recently elected government led by the Democratic Party of Japan. The new ruling coalition has banned industry from its climate policy task force and called for a major new carbon tax.

Key Facts
  • Third largest emitter of greenhouse gases after China and U.S.
  • Aims to cut emissions by 20 percent from 1990 levels by 2020
  • 50 percent of emission cuts to be met through "offset" projects overseas

European UnionEuropean Union

European Ambitions Hit a Wall of Carbon

Copenhagen — Intensive lobbying by carbon-intensive industries could make it hard for the EU to meet its ambitious climate goals. Member governments were “lobbied like hell,” according to a senior European Parliament member, and environmental experts fear that some of the concessions industry got — such as allowing up to 50 percent of all emissions reductions to be met through foreign “offset” projects — may undermine the effectiveness of the EU agreement.

  • The EU’s Billion-Euro Bet

    Copenhagen — Capturing and storing carbon dioxide from power stations and other industrial plants is seen as the solution to controlling CO2 — at least according to companies like Shell and BP, who have an obvious interest, as well as some leading climate change experts.

Key Facts
  • Oil-rich Alberta emits one-third of the country's greenhouse gases
  • Tar sands contribute 5 percent of Canada's total emissions
  • Aims to cut greenhouse gases 20 percent from 2006 levels by 2020

CanadaCanada

Canada’s About-Face on Climate

Montreal — Legions of industry lobbyists representing big greenhouse gas emitters have worked to weaken climate change legislation in Canada. Oil and gas producers comprised the largest group through August 2009, but mining and coal companies have also lobbies on climate change. In the meantime, Canada has failed to meet its Kyoto Protocol commitments, while its emissions — a third of which come from the oil-rich province of Alberta — have risen 26 percent from 1990 levels.

Key Facts
  • Population predicted to reach 1.7 billion by 2050
  • More than one million new cars annually
  • Fifth-largest emitter of greenhouse gases

IndiaIndia

India Struggles To Confront Climate Change

New Delhi — Indian officials and industry leaders seem of one mind over how to move the booming Indian economy forward, and that has meant a low priority for combating climate change. India is now the world’s fifth largest emitter of greenhouse gases, and officials in Delhi say they want to be “a dealmaker not a deal breaker” in Copenhagen. But government policies intended to slow global warming are being implemented slowly or not at all.

Key Facts
  • Deforestation responsible for 55 percent of emissions
  • Will double oil production in next 10 years
  • Aims for 80 percent decrease in deforestation by 2020

BrazilBrazil

Caught Between Competing Interests in Brazil

Brasília — Even though Brazil’s carbon emissions are low compared to those of the United States or China, the country plays a key role in global warming as home to the largest expanse of Amazon rain forest: About 55 percent of the country’s emissions are now due to deforestation. Agribusinesses and their political allies have balked at proposed environmental controls, and argue that Brazil should not rush to act on global warming until wealthier countries offer their plans.

Key Facts
  • 70 percent coal-based energy
  • World's largest carbon emitter
  • Goal of 15 percent renewable energy by 2020

ChinaChina

A Climate Dilemma for China

Beijing — Although China is now the world’s top greenhouse gas producer, it leaders insist that Western countries, which contributed the bulk of carbon emissions, bear primary responsibility for a solution. Even within China’s one-party system, businesses vie for influence on climate policy. And the battle now being played out will have profound consequences for the effort to address global warming.

Key Facts
  • Global leader in coal exports
  • Largest per-capita greenhouse emissions among major global economies
  • Aims for 20 percent renewable energy by 2020

AustraliaAustralia

“Brown Down” in Australia

Sydney — Scores of interests have fought over the last year to “brown down” Australia’s first comprehensive plan to cut its greenhouse gas emissions. Although the hot and dry continent faces severe peril due to climate change, industries that rely on cheap coal power have used the threat of economic risk to fight Prime Minister Kevin Rudd’s effort to address global warming.

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“ The developed world has not lived up to the expectations of populations across the globe. … We must break down the barriers between North and South, between developed and developing countries, and establish collaborative arrangements whereby we can work together.”

Rajendra K. Pachauri, chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Rajendra K. Pachauri, chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

“ BusinessEurope makes a lot of contributions to the EU policy debate and is quite often given the floor in the UNFCCC context.”

Daniel Cloquet, director of industrial affairs for BusinessEurope Daniel Cloquet, director of industrial affairs for BusinessEurope

“ The only way to get to these low levels is for the whole world to act together with common targets and a common carbon price. We're not going to have a common approach. We're not going to have everyone with the same target and the same price on carbon.”

Brian Flannery, science program manager, Exxon Mobil Brian Flannery, science program manager, Exxon Mobil

“ Our effort has been on each of these missions, wherever required, we also take business and industry along with us.”

Shyam Saran, India’s special envoy on climate change Shyam Saran, India’s special envoy on climate change

“ We can get something done if it's based on what we all need. We can't get something done if it's based on what we all ideally want.”

Todd Stern, U.S. lead climate negotiator Todd Stern, U.S. lead climate negotiator

“ In the beginning the access is pretty open. … You make three important points over a drink at a reception. It’s the UN fabric. In the beginning you have maybe 200 contacts and at the end only 20. At that point long-term relationships are important.”

Jos Delbeke, European Commission Office of the Directorate-General for the Environment Jos Delbeke, European Commission Office of the Directorate-General for the Environment

“ You’re turning around a huge ocean liner that’s been going in one direction for the whole industrial revolution. It is difficult and requires time. It requires creativity. It requires adaptability. It requires flexibility.”

Stuart Eizenstat, former U.S. ambassador to the EU and President Clinton’s chief negotiator on the Kyoto protocol Stuart Eizenstat, former U.S. ambassador to the EU and President Clinton’s chief negotiator on the Kyoto protocol

“ I don’t want to spend time with senators. I’d rather spend time with staff, because I need to be in the details. People like to say ‘The devil is in the details,’ but my momma taught me God is in the details.”

James Rogers, chief executive of Duke Energy James Rogers, chief executive of Duke Energy

“ The science is clear and conclusive, and the impacts can no longer be ignored.”

President Barack Obama, United States President Barack Obama, United States

“ This is the second independence of Brazil (on the recent discovery of vast oil reserves).”

President Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva, Brazil President Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva, Brazil

“ Many of those industries say they support zero deforestation. They all are favorable to zero deforestation, but only if it doesn’t affect their own land.”

Carlos Minc, Brazil’s environment minister Carlos Minc, Brazil’s environment minister

“ Promising too much, too soon when it comes to alternatives risks rendering the entire effort politically and economically unsustainable. And the world can't afford that.”

Lamar McKay, chairman and president of BP America Lamar McKay, chairman and president of BP America

“ They can’t hinder regulations; that ship has left the dock. Now they try to prepare for this new transition. They say, ‘If we do that, we’ll have a chair at the table and can influence regulation.’ ”

Irja Vormedal, research fellow, University of Oslo Irja Vormedal, research fellow, University of Oslo

“ The usual industry you will find in the BINGO groups are the oil and gas industry, chemical industry — anybody who doesn't want to have their emissions reduced has been coming to this process to try to disrupt it ever since the beginning.”

Rémi Gruet, regulatory affairs advisor, European Wind Energy Association Rémi Gruet, regulatory affairs advisor, European Wind Energy Association

“ The only way you really get leverage is if you can convince a delegation at home that it’s in their interest to have their instructions say this or that.”

Nick Campbell, lobbyist for Arkema Chemicals and climate change chair of the International Chamber of Commerce Nick Campbell, lobbyist for Arkema Chemicals and climate change chair of the International Chamber of Commerce

“ The last thing we want is a target for 2020 that we can’t meet. … We have to reduce our emissions; it’s just a question of speed.”

John Scowcroft, head of environment, Eurelectric John Scowcroft, head of environment, Eurelectric

“ The implication that lobbying somehow is sinister, I don’t buy it. We play an important role in that in terms of information gathering and information sharing.”

Kevin Fay, lobbyist and coolants representative Kevin Fay, lobbyist and coolants representative

“ There’s going to be two more years of detailed nuts and bolts to work out… It's in those details that business will become very active to make sure the rules are written in such a way that favors what they’re going to try to do.”

Doug Russell, former delegate from Canada; now private business consultant Doug Russell, former delegate from Canada; now private business consultant

“ We need to get all the energy and clean it up as fast as we can, as efficiently as we can, while we keep the jobs, because we need the jobs to keep the quality of life improving.”

Red Cavaney, ConocoPhillips Red Cavaney, ConocoPhillips

“ You need a cap on emissions, and you need to signal that that cap is coming so that folks have time to react.”

Michael Allegretti, The Climate Group, an association of corporations and governments Michael Allegretti, The Climate Group, an association of corporations and governments

“ The discussion leading into Copenhagen has been ‘Oh, we need leadership, we need leadership.’ Leadership off a cliff is not leadership.”

John Felmy, economist, the American Petroleum Institute John Felmy, economist, the American Petroleum Institute

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The Center for Public Integrity is dedicated to producing original, responsible investigative journalism on issues of public concern in the USA and around the world.

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International Consortium of Investigative Journalists

The Center’s International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) is a collaboration of some of the world’s leading investigative reporters. ICIJ extends globally the Center’s style of watchdog journalism, working with 100 reporters in 50 countries to produce long-term, transnational projects.

ICIJ website