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About This Project

November 05, 2009

Starting in July 2009, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists fielded a multinational team of reporters to uncover the special interests attempting to influence negotiations leading to the pivotal December talks on a climate change treaty in Copenhagen. The project built upon the Center’s previous reporting in Washington on efforts to influence the U.S. Congress in The Climate Change Lobby.

The ICIJ team involved reporters in eight of the major economies deemed essential to a successful treaty: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union, India, Japan, and the United States. The eight are all members of the 17-nation forum of major greenhouse gas emitters that are meeting to generate ideas to bridge the gap between developed and developing countries, and to spark greater success in the larger climate talks involving as many as 192 nations. Together, the eight economies selected for this in-depth report account for 65 percent of all current global emissions of greenhouse gases.

The project relied on more than 200 interviews with lobbyists, representatives of business associations and environmental groups, and key climate negotiators to explore what interests will be pushed in Copenhagen — and who’s behind them. In addition, the team made use of lobbying and campaign contribution records in four countries and the European Union, as well as on-the-ground reporting from Beijing to São Paolo.

Project Staff

Editorial Director: David E. Kaplan
Deputy Director: Marina Walker Guevara
Web Editor: Andrew Green
Deputy Web Editor: Multimedia: Erik Lincoln
Deputy Web Editor: Social Media: Cole Goins
Fact-Checking: Peter Newbatt Smith, Paulette Garthoff
Communications: Sue Dorfman, Steve Carpinelli, Jeanne Brooks, New Partners
Data Editing: M.B. Pell, Aaron Mehta, Dan Ettinger
Additional Editing: Susan Headden
Information Technology: Tuan Le

Reporting Team
Australia: Marian Wilkinson, Ben Cubby, Flint Duxfield
Brazil: Fernando Rodrigues, Marcelo Soares
Canada: William Marsden
China: Christina Larson
India: Murali Krishnan
Japan: Akiko Kashiwagi, Mitsuhiro Yoshida
United States: Marianne Lavelle, project director; Te-Ping Chen; Kate Willson
European Union: Brigitte Alfter

Designers
Web Site Design: Top Dead Center Design
Interactive Maps and Graphics: Stephen Rountree

Additional Thanks
Bill Buzenberg
Francesca Craig
Bridget Gallagher
David Donald
Dan Ettinger
Josh Israel
Caroline Jarboe
Ellen McPeake
Regina Russell
Eva Starrak
Gordon Witkin

Funding

The Global Climate Change Lobby is an ICIJ project supported by the Adessium Foundation and Deer Creek Foundation.

Support for this and other Center for Public Integrity projects is provided by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Ford Foundation, Greenlight Capital LLC Employees, the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Open Society Institute, the Park Foundation, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, and many other generous institutional and individual donors.

About the Data

The Australia, Canada, and U.S. stories drew in part from lobbyist records. In these three countries companies are required to file reports for their lobbying activities, but filing requirements vary widely from country to country. Lobbying data were also utilized from the European Union, but there reporting is voluntary by companies and therefore limited.

United States
For more information on the U.S. data, click here.

Canada
ICIJ compiled its Canadian climate lobby database using disclosure reports filed with Canadian authorities from 1996 through August 2009. ICIJ researchers scraped records from the Canada’s lobbyist registration website, making it possible to accurately search them by keywords. The climate change lobbying database includes records for lobbyists registered to represent clients on “climate,” “global warming,” as well as relevant bills.

While the selected records show that clients lobbied on the climate change, clients frequently hire lobbyists to work on multiple issues. Thus, the data do not reflect how much time or money clients spent on specific issues.

Each lobbying record was categorized to identify the industry sector (manufacturing; mining and coal; agriculture) or group of interests (environmental and health) that best reflects the company or organization being represented. Because many lobbyists represent more than one sector, the total number of lobbyists per sector adds up to a figure greater than the number of overall lobbyists.

Australia
Australian data were compiled from state and federal official lobbyists registers. ICIJ team members from the Sydney Morning Herald analyzed the lobbying records for firms working with the 20 companies estimated to receive the most government assistance under that nation’s proposed emissions trading scheme.

About ICIJ

ICIJ was founded in 1997 as a project of the Center for Public Integrity to marshal the talents of some of the world’s leading investigative reporters in pursuit of vital stories that do not stop at the water’s edge. A unique collaboration of 100 investigative reporters in 50 different countries, ICIJ works on in-depth projects on difficult-to-tackle subjects in the public interest, from the arms trade to water privatization to climate change. For more on ICIJ, visit our website.

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“ The developed world has not lived up to the expectations of populations across the globe. … We must break down the barriers between North and South, between developed and developing countries, and establish collaborative arrangements whereby we can work together.”

Rajendra K. Pachauri, chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Rajendra K. Pachauri, chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

“ BusinessEurope makes a lot of contributions to the EU policy debate and is quite often given the floor in the UNFCCC context.”

Daniel Cloquet, director of industrial affairs for BusinessEurope Daniel Cloquet, director of industrial affairs for BusinessEurope

“ The only way to get to these low levels is for the whole world to act together with common targets and a common carbon price. We're not going to have a common approach. We're not going to have everyone with the same target and the same price on carbon.”

Brian Flannery, science program manager, Exxon Mobil Brian Flannery, science program manager, Exxon Mobil

“ Our effort has been on each of these missions, wherever required, we also take business and industry along with us.”

Shyam Saran, India’s special envoy on climate change Shyam Saran, India’s special envoy on climate change

“ We can get something done if it's based on what we all need. We can't get something done if it's based on what we all ideally want.”

Todd Stern, U.S. lead climate negotiator Todd Stern, U.S. lead climate negotiator

“ In the beginning the access is pretty open. … You make three important points over a drink at a reception. It’s the UN fabric. In the beginning you have maybe 200 contacts and at the end only 20. At that point long-term relationships are important.”

Jos Delbeke, European Commission Office of the Directorate-General for the Environment Jos Delbeke, European Commission Office of the Directorate-General for the Environment

“ You’re turning around a huge ocean liner that’s been going in one direction for the whole industrial revolution. It is difficult and requires time. It requires creativity. It requires adaptability. It requires flexibility.”

Stuart Eizenstat, former U.S. ambassador to the EU and President Clinton’s chief negotiator on the Kyoto protocol Stuart Eizenstat, former U.S. ambassador to the EU and President Clinton’s chief negotiator on the Kyoto protocol

“ I don’t want to spend time with senators. I’d rather spend time with staff, because I need to be in the details. People like to say ‘The devil is in the details,’ but my momma taught me God is in the details.”

James Rogers, chief executive of Duke Energy James Rogers, chief executive of Duke Energy

“ The science is clear and conclusive, and the impacts can no longer be ignored.”

President Barack Obama, United States President Barack Obama, United States

“ This is the second independence of Brazil (on the recent discovery of vast oil reserves).”

President Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva, Brazil President Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva, Brazil

“ Many of those industries say they support zero deforestation. They all are favorable to zero deforestation, but only if it doesn’t affect their own land.”

Carlos Minc, Brazil’s environment minister Carlos Minc, Brazil’s environment minister

“ Promising too much, too soon when it comes to alternatives risks rendering the entire effort politically and economically unsustainable. And the world can't afford that.”

Lamar McKay, chairman and president of BP America Lamar McKay, chairman and president of BP America

“ They can’t hinder regulations; that ship has left the dock. Now they try to prepare for this new transition. They say, ‘If we do that, we’ll have a chair at the table and can influence regulation.’ ”

Irja Vormedal, research fellow, University of Oslo Irja Vormedal, research fellow, University of Oslo

“ The usual industry you will find in the BINGO groups are the oil and gas industry, chemical industry — anybody who doesn't want to have their emissions reduced has been coming to this process to try to disrupt it ever since the beginning.”

Rémi Gruet, regulatory affairs advisor, European Wind Energy Association Rémi Gruet, regulatory affairs advisor, European Wind Energy Association

“ The only way you really get leverage is if you can convince a delegation at home that it’s in their interest to have their instructions say this or that.”

Nick Campbell, lobbyist for Arkema Chemicals and climate change chair of the International Chamber of Commerce Nick Campbell, lobbyist for Arkema Chemicals and climate change chair of the International Chamber of Commerce

“ The last thing we want is a target for 2020 that we can’t meet. … We have to reduce our emissions; it’s just a question of speed.”

John Scowcroft, head of environment, Eurelectric John Scowcroft, head of environment, Eurelectric

“ The implication that lobbying somehow is sinister, I don’t buy it. We play an important role in that in terms of information gathering and information sharing.”

Kevin Fay, lobbyist and coolants representative Kevin Fay, lobbyist and coolants representative

“ There’s going to be two more years of detailed nuts and bolts to work out… It's in those details that business will become very active to make sure the rules are written in such a way that favors what they’re going to try to do.”

Doug Russell, former delegate from Canada; now private business consultant Doug Russell, former delegate from Canada; now private business consultant

“ We need to get all the energy and clean it up as fast as we can, as efficiently as we can, while we keep the jobs, because we need the jobs to keep the quality of life improving.”

Red Cavaney, ConocoPhillips Red Cavaney, ConocoPhillips

“ You need a cap on emissions, and you need to signal that that cap is coming so that folks have time to react.”

Michael Allegretti, The Climate Group, an association of corporations and governments Michael Allegretti, The Climate Group, an association of corporations and governments

“ The discussion leading into Copenhagen has been ‘Oh, we need leadership, we need leadership.’ Leadership off a cliff is not leadership.”

John Felmy, economist, the American Petroleum Institute John Felmy, economist, the American Petroleum Institute

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The Center for Public Integrity is dedicated to producing original, responsible investigative journalism on issues of public concern in the USA and around the world.

More about the Center

International Consortium of Investigative Journalists

The Center’s International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) is a collaboration of some of the world’s leading investigative reporters. ICIJ extends globally the Center’s style of watchdog journalism, working with 100 reporters in 50 countries to produce long-term, transnational projects.

ICIJ website